![]() ![]() ![]() Prior to the takeover of Nazi Germany, German universities were the employers of some of the world's most renowned nuclear physicists, including Albert Einstein, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Leo Szilard and others. History Early nuclear research in Germany Three of these were switched off at the end of 2021 and the other three ceased operations by April 2023. Nuclear power accounted for 13.3% of German electricity supply in 2021, supplied by six power plants. Nearly all nuclear electricity production was replaced with coal electricity production and other fossil fuel electricity imports from other countries, mainly Russia. Eight of the seventeen operating reactors in Germany were permanently shut down following Fukushima. After the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster and subsequent anti-nuclear protests, the government announced that it would close all of its nuclear power plants by 2022. The anti-nuclear movement in Germany has a long history dating back to the early 1970s and intensified following the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. ![]() By 1990, nuclear power accounted for about a fourth of the electricity produced in the country. German nuclear power began with research reactors in the 1950s and 1960s, with the first commercial plant coming online in 1969. Nuclear power was used in Germany from the 1960s until being phased out in April 2023. The Grafenrheinfeld Nuclear Power Plant in Germany, which was shut down in 2015 ( May 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. ![]()
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